Our Town Essay -- essays research papers

In the play Our Town, by Thornton Wilder, a sheath by the name of Simon Stimson makes a very insightful statement about mess and their lives. Simon is dead and buried, as well as several of the plays other characters, when a newly-dead young woman named Emily joins their ranks and begins to realize the triviality and ignorance of her existence, as well as that of every quick person. The dead are discussing this insignificance and unawareness of the living when Simon comments with disgust on how much living persons waste their life, asserting, To spend and waste time as though you had a million years. In this statement, Simon is referring to the degree of which people take their lives for granted. People are often so busy and so consumed by relatively minor matters that they never stopped to realize how truly finicky everything is. They go about their days following strict schedules and routines, always rushing about to meet their many obligations, and never take the time to simp ly prize even the small things. Most people wake-up in the morning, rush about to leave for school or their jobs, work or learn all day, scarcely to come home and have yet more obligations to take care of, never once taking time out to stop and enjoy things for themselves. Simon is referring to the effortless routines and events the consume peoples lives as a waste of time, for they do not realize how genuinely short their lives are. Simon is upset with people for n...

Victor Frankenstein is the Monster in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay

Victor Frankenstein is the Monster in Mary Shelleys FrankensteinThrough out the novel we argon under the assumption that the demon in the novel is the man who is disfigured and hideous on the outside. While we view Victor Frankenstein as the handsome and sympathize with victim, even though sometimes a monster can non be seen but heard. Looks can be deceiving but actions are always true. We first view Frankensteins ignorance while he is busy in his work. He had not visited his family for two straight long time. These are the people that love and care about him, yet he does not go home. Not even to visit his own father, the man who pays for his schooling and necessities.We again view his ignorance and irresponsibility when after spending two years of work on his creature he disowns and abandons the creature. He runs out of the room after seeing the creature come to life. He fled the room because he judgement the creature was so hideous, even though he had chosen all the best body par ts for its creation. When Frankenstein returns to the house when he became assured that my enemy had therefore fled, I clapped my hands for joy(55). Even after all his work he is ecstatic that this horrible beast has left him.Victors ignorance is viewed again when he does not tell anyone that he has created this monster, and that he is the murderer of William. He does not tell of this creature until his own welfare is on the line. He could have stopped these offensive deeds the mons...

The Gains and Losses of Educating Rita :: Educating Rita Willy Russell Plays Essays

The Gains and Losses of Educating RitaThe purpose of my essay is to explain, in considerable detail, thegains and loses of Educating Rita for it being a two-handed play.The play, Educating Rita, written by Willy Russell is veryentertaining, although there argon only two characters, hence the reasonit is a two-handed play. The grounds on which I found it entertainingis based upon the basic plot dodge which consists of Rita, aworking-class Liverpool girl, with a hunger for education and Frank,her lecturer, attempts to do just that, but, their relationshipchanges, they become close. Close in the sense by not overlap youraverage perception of a student and teacher relationship. They drinkand smoke together. This soon changes when Ritas knowledge expandswith the help of Frank and summer rail. Summer school also helps toboost Ritas confidence enabling her to socialise with educated peoplelike herself. Rita divorces her husband, Denny, and gets a new flatmate called Trish. Trish has a p eachy influence on Rita until, shediscovered, Trish tried to commit suicide. Rita and Frank soon fallout however Frank still enters her for an exam. This concludes inRita passing her exam and fulfilling her envisage of an education. Shesoon becomes Franks friend again. Other characters, such as Trish andDenny are never seen but talked about. All the scenes, throughout theplay, are set in the Open University where Rita is being taught.To help me carry out this essay I watched the film, Educating Rita,in order to identify any gains and losses for the two handed play. later on having read the play and seen the movie I am struck by the largenumber of differences. Many small details have a smashing impact on howthe story can and is being perceived. The movie offers a great deal ofbackground information on events that are relevant to the play. Thisis an exemplar of a big loss for Educating Rita being a two-handedplay. By seeing the deleted scenes of the play you get a greaterundersta nding of the sequence of events. world unable to see thedeleted scenes may have lead to confusion and misinterpretationresulting in the play not achieving its full potential. The play ismuch more inevitable in the sense that numerous actions will not takeplace on stage. For example, nothing taking place outside Franksoffice can be seen by the audience. All action is unavoidably confinedwithin the office. At the point in the play where Frank invites Ritato his home for dinner the audience are not set up for anything

The US Involvement in The Vietnam War Essay -- Vietnam War Essays

The Vietnam War was one of the worst wars in the United States history. The reason for the United States involvement was due to the start of communism in join Vietnam. The citizens in conspiracy Vietnam feared the control of trades union Vietnam and were worried that the north would take control of the south. The communist North Vietnam had support from the Soviet Union and China, making the South Vietnamese vulnerable to the north. In their time of struggle the South Vietnamese were able to receive aid from the United States. The North Vietnamese had set up a series of radar stations along bays and islands on the Gulf of Tonkin. On August 1, 1964 the U.S.S. Maddox was posted on a surveillance mission to shoot the North Vietnamese defenses in the Gulf area. In early morning on August 2, 1964 the U.S.S. Maddox spotted three North Vietnamese patrol boats, locate twenty- eight miles from the coast. The patrol boats were salve in International waters, which meant that they had no right to patrol South Vietnam. Captain John Herrich of the Maddox ordered fire upon the three North Vietnamese patrol boats. The Maddox had assistance from the carrier U.S.S. Ticonderoga. The two ships managed to sink one of the patrol boats, slice the other two boats bailed out. To this day government officials are still unsure whether the United States or the North Vietnamese fired first in the situation.United Sates President Lyndon B. Johnson received word of the attack and ordered the Maddox to result to the Gulf of Tonkin and patrol for more action. The Maddox accompanied by the U.S.S. Turner Joy returned to the Gulf of Tonkin on August 4, 1964. While stationed in the Gulf the radar engineers on the destroyers thought that they saw an adva... ...n technology could offer. The soldiers carried fully automatic M-16 rifles. The air swarmed with helicopters, fighter planes, and bombers. The U.S. had destroyers, tankers, and patrol boats along all of the water rout es. They were supplied with medicines, surgical equipment, packaged food, and other necessities. On average one U.S. soldier had one hundred pounds of supplies given to them each day, while the Vietcong had nothing. The United States transformed South Vietnam with roads, bridges, airstrips, etc. Cafes were turned into part places, while the women turned to prostitution for money. Fishing ports were turned into deep harbors for U.S. warships.Even with all of the money that the United Sates put into the war, it proved to be useless. The Vietcong needed none of it and were lay to shut down the United Sates and proved that they could.

Aztec Warrior Essay -- History, Aztec Military Training

According to the legend, the Aztecs, who referred to themselves as the Mexica, spent years wandering through central Mexico in count of a homeland. In AD 1325, the Aztecs founded their new capital Tenochtitlan (Moctezuma, 9). Years later, the Aztecs started to build their renowned empire. The Aztec Empire was made up of the Triple Alliance Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan (Moctezuma, 55). factory farm was the cornerst angiotensin-converting enzyme of the Aztecs economy, but conquest and warfare lead to economic expansion and the accumulation of tributes from conquered towns (Moctezuma, 21). War was vital, for it maintained and expanded the economic and religious nates (Moctezuma, 55). The Aztec warriors were the whimsical force of much of the Aztec empires success because of their training, weaponry, wardress, sacrificing, and combat. Aztec armed forces training starts when a male child is twenty days old. There are two sort out military training schools, Telpochcalli and Calmecac, whichever school the child entered was weighted heavily by heritage. Commoners usually went to Telpochcalli, to become soldiers, or Calmecac, to become a priest. Nobles, (privileged status from heritage), could become a priest, political, or military leader at Calmecac, which involved rigorous training of intellect and the training taught at telpochcalli. From here the youths would train until ready to be sponsored by veterinary warriors that would take the youths to battle and watch over them. The youths would experience the war early to learn to courageously face death on the battlefield. Warfare provided commoners an chance for affable advancement. Achievement on the battlefield would offer elevation of social status, honor and material awards. A distinguished military care... ...presenting Aztec gods). The eagle represented the images of the cheer age descending and the jaguar represented the death of the sun (when the sun was not present in the sky). This solar association refers to the Aztec warriors primary function, acquiring victims to hold dear the sun (Pasztory, 82). The ixcahuac, obsidian stone knives can be found in the Museo Nacional de Antropoligia, Mexico.Atzec Atlatls can be found at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico two feet in length and one and a half inches thick with a hook at the upper end (Hassig, 76). The darts used with the atlatl, where made of wood and the butts were feathered, they would be fire hardened, and had obsidian, fishbone, copper, or rocky points. Stone engravings of a warrior with an atlatl, dart, and shield originally from Tenochtitlan, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico, (Hassig, 78). Aztec Warrior Essay -- History, Aztec Military TrainingAccording to the legend, the Aztecs, who referred to themselves as the Mexica, spent years wandering through central Mexico in search of a homeland. In AD 1325, the Aztecs founded their new capital Tenochtitlan (Moctezuma, 9). Years late r, the Aztecs started to build their renowned empire. The Aztec Empire was made up of the Triple Alliance Tenochtitlan, Texcoco, and Tlacopan (Moctezuma, 55). Agriculture was the basis of the Aztecs economy, but conquest and warfare lead to economic expansion and the accumulation of tributes from conquered towns (Moctezuma, 21). War was vital, for it maintained and expanded the economic and religious basis (Moctezuma, 55). The Aztec warriors were the driving force of much of the Aztec empires success because of their training, weaponry, wardress, sacrificing, and combat. Aztec military training starts when a male child is twenty days old. There are two separate military training schools, Telpochcalli and Calmecac, whichever school the child entered was weighted heavily by heritage. Commoners usually went to Telpochcalli, to become soldiers, or Calmecac, to become a priest. Nobles, (privileged status from heritage), could become a priest, political, or military leader at Calmecac, w hich involved rigorous training of intellect and the training taught at telpochcalli. From here the youths would train until ready to be sponsored by veteran warriors that would take the youths to battle and watch over them. The youths would experience the war early to learn to courageously face death on the battlefield. Warfare provided commoners an opportunity for social advancement. Achievement on the battlefield would offer elevation of social status, honor and material awards. A distinguished military care... ...presenting Aztec gods). The eagle represented the images of the sun while descending and the jaguar represented the death of the sun (when the sun was not present in the sky). This solar association refers to the Aztec warriors primary function, acquiring victims to nourish the sun (Pasztory, 82). The ixcahuac, obsidian stone knives can be found in the Museo Nacional de Antropoligia, Mexico.Atzec Atlatls can be found at the Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico two fe et in length and one and a half inches thick with a hook at the upper end (Hassig, 76). The darts used with the atlatl, where made of wood and the butts were feathered, they would be fire hardened, and had obsidian, fishbone, copper, or flint points. Stone engravings of a warrior with an atlatl, dart, and shield originally from Tenochtitlan, Museo Nacional de Antropologia, Mexico, (Hassig, 78).

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy first rudiment123, think about only the times throughout the day that the use of something as easy as the ABCs and the 123s. Who was it that t each(prenominal)es those things that we deem as so simple now? It was teachers, all through out school they teach boorren not only the basics similar reading writing and arithmetic, but they also teach how to grow up and be a functioning person in the complex world that is all around. In this paper I will explain why I want to teach, the philosophies that I plan to use and my educational goals. Many plenty in the teacher education program constitute known all their lives that they wanted to teach, but not me. I have changed my mind numerous times and each time the reason is because I cant imagine myself doing that given profession for the rest of my life. However, I had never actually considered teaching until the pass originally my senior year. I got the opportunity to volunteer at a local day care cen ter and work with children from the ages of 3 months through 12 years. It is that summer that completely changed my mind on what I wanted to do the rest of my life. The first reason that I decided that I want to teach is for the simple fact of getting to shape young minds and change lives. The influence that teachers have over their pupils is amazing, I can remember all of my teachers individually and how many people do you meet and can remember them 12 or 13 years later? It is not only an awesome opportunity is an enormous responsibility, oneness that I am excited and also a little scared about taking on. Not only do teachers teach children, they also have an influence on the parents that they come in contact with. Getting the parents tortuous is a vital part of teaching, if you can get the parents excited about the childs learning then they will encourage the child. In the elementary years children tend to look towards their parents and react in the same ways they do about situations that they encounter. Having the parents involved not only gives the children encouragement, teachers can change the ways that parents do things. If the childs parent didnt have guidance as children then they probably dont know how to encourage and guide their own children, but teachers can change all that by keeping them involved and interested.

My Educational Philosophy :: Philosophy of Education Teaching

My Educational Philosophy ABC123, think rough all the propagation without the twenty-four hours that the use of something as simple as the ABCs and the 123s. Who was it that teaches those things that we deem as so simple now? It was teachers, all through out school they teach children not only the basics like reading writing and arithmetic, hardly they also teach how to grow up and be a functioning person in the complex world that is all around. In this paper I will explain why I extremity to teach, the philosophies that I plan to use and my educational goals. Many people in the teacher education program have kn admit all their lives that they wanted to teach, but not me. I have changed my mind numerous times and each time the reason is because I cant imagine myself doing that given professing for the rest of my life. However, I had never actually considered teaching until the summer before my senior year. I got the opportunity to volunteer at a local day care center and work with children from the ages of 3 months through 12 eld. It is that summer that completely changed my mind on what I wanted to do the rest of my life. The archetypical reason that I decided that I want to teach is for the simple fact of getting to shape young minds and change lives. The influence that teachers have oer their pupils is amazing, I can remember all of my teachers individually and how many people do you meet and can remember them 12 or 13 days later? It is not only an awesome opportunity is an enormous responsibility, one that I am excited and also a little scared about taking on. Not only do teachers teach children, they also have an influence on the parents that they come in contact with. Getting the parents involved is a vital part of teaching, if you can get the parents excited about the childs learning then they will encourage the child. In the elementary years children tend to look towards their parents and react in the same ways they do about situati ons that they encounter. Having the parents involved not only gives the children encouragement, teachers can change the ways that parents do things. If the childs parent didnt have guidance as children then they probably dont know how to encourage and guide their own children, but teachers can change all that by keeping them involved and interested.

Peer Presure Essay

companion Pressure is an trance that creates or the desire for change. Most youngagedagers retard that they will fol number 1 a compeers decision rather than their parents or the authoritys. comrades are more influential in a teens life sentence and tend to have more power than parents. Peer pressure has always been present and will withal always be present. It is non a disease or a crime, it is merely and influence either a invalidating or a positive one. WHAT IS NEGATIVE friend haul? forbid peer pressure is an influence exerted on a person to do nighthing wrong. This whitethorn be stealing, drugs or new(prenominal). If someone influences you into doing something like this it is considered veto peer pressure.We can help reduce peer pressure by teaching coping skills at an early age. Many teenagers who cook in easily to negative pressures had a difficult child hood low self-esteem, feeling of not belonging, poor communication and judgmental skills. HOW TO RECOGNIZE NEGATIVE PEER PRESSURE Negative peer pressure gives something significant to teenagers. The group is a place where one feels accepted, where he can feel good ab turn up himself, where he feels secure. It increases his self esteem, and it also enhances his self-image. SOME NEGATIVE PEER PRESSURE AREAS Negative peer pressure can often be observed in areas such as+ sex+ Narcotics+ Alcohol+ Cults+ Groups and gangs+ Tobacco products+ Stealing+ School+ EtcTHE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF PEER PRESSURE During adolescence, a teenager is subjected to lots of peer pressure. This pressure can center the child mentally, physically and socially. Some of the effects on a person when dealing with negative peer pressure are Low Self-Esteem This is the master(prenominal) and nearly common effect. When a persons peers mock him/her, or make them feel bad, this person becomes insecure. They begin to feel down and rejected. They feel as if they are worthless to the orb. And anybody who has experienced this at one clipping or another knows that this is one of, if not the, worst feeling you can possess.Substance rib Peers often pressure one another to do something they do not ask to do. Offering drugs or alcohol is very common during adolescence. And after everlasting persisting, and insisting that everyone is doing it and that its cool to do so one gives into this horrible disease. And more often than not, a person can become addicted and dependant on this substance. Obsessions or Depression People are often subjected to constant portrayals of what you are SUPPOSED to look like or act. If a person sees stack that are always thin and happy, one becomes obsessed with that image, and thinks that if they do not look or act that way, that nobody will love them.So these batch turn to such eating diseases as bulimia nervosa (regurgitating after one eats) or anorexia nervosa (eating too little). They also become seriously depressed and feel that life is not worth living, and think abou t or attempt committing suicide. Other actions Teenagers also con strain to the people around them very easily and quickly. If a sponsor decides to skip school, sometimes you decide to join him. However you may think its your decision, but in fact it is this person pressuring you only if by implanting the sentiment into your mind. This is also true for lying to teachers and parents etc., not doing homework/schoolwork and cheating on tests. wherefore DO TEENS GIVE IN TO PEER PRESSUREPeople give in to Peer pressure for many another(prenominal) different reasons. One of these reasons is low self-esteem. People with low self-esteem, will do almost anything to become a cool guy. Others give in to peer pressure, because people they think are cool give voice to do something. These people are just hurting themselves, because if that person is in truthly cool, he isnt going to make you cool, because you are his little helper. Peer pressure is present in ones life as long as they have peers (school, workplace,). Therefore, it is normal for a person to give in to peer pressure. At the beginning of teenage years, teens develop a sense of independence from their parents. Teens want to shape their identity and experiment new things. One may join a group if he is insecure about himself or if he has low self-esteem or self-worth.SELF-ESTEEM AND SELF-WORTHSelf-Esteem and Self-Worth affect people very deeply. When peer pressure is exerted on people with low self-esteem the reaction is often the same. A person with low esteem for himself will try to raise his self-esteem but often in the wrong way. When someone changes his personality to conform with what others anticipate from them will always hurt them in the end.Teens must understand that the choices they make today will absolutely affect their afterlife.Teens must also realise that their future is much more important than simply pleasing their friends today. Some things that you or your parents could do to build som eones self-esttem are+ Have frequent discussions with friends or children + Spend tone of voice time with them+ Keep you eyes and ears open for new ways to offer support+ Respect their feelings and encourage him or her to share them with you+ Share your own beliefs and set+ Explain that you learned from your mistakes+Encourage achievement but avoid adding undue pressure+ Always offer praise when your friends make good decisions HOW TO RESIST PEER PRESSUREThere are many different ways by which one may resist peer pressure. One very effective way is by simply saying no. Often we feel that they will persist but often an affirmative no is enough. However, we must bring clearly our choice, we mustnt express the least sign of indecision. You may also walk away from the situation, no matter how much you want to fit in. You must realise that you are the one who makes the decisions for yourself, not your peers. If you feel uncomfortable with the people you are with, consider finding new f riends, some which have a good reputation, which would eliminate any negative pressure. Another alternative would be to hang around many different types of people.That way you reduce the chances of cosmos pressured. It is good to set yourself goals knowing that everything you do affects your future. WHY DO PEER GROUPS HAVE POWERThe main reason why peer groups have so much power over individuals is that they give something significant to a person such as self-esteem, security or correct enhances their self-image. Peer groups are so powerful, they overcome the morals of family and society. Teenagers tend to go toward other teens with analogous problems and in the same situation as they are. There is a very strong desire to satisfy the need for unity and acceptance. This causes peers to have more influence than parents.THE IMPORTANCE OF PEER PRESSURE Peer pressure plays a very influential role in our everyday lives. It affects, not only adolescents, but children, teens, adults, even senior citizens. Although some people think they arent affected by peer pressure, almost everyone is. Resisting even the smallest things is very hard. Peer pressure, affects the way we speak, walk, dress, act, our attitudes, who we hang out with, our friends, and what we do. Although peer pressure is often negative, but along with that negative, is also the positive. Peers, can make you do the smallest things, yet still be a large influence.Although most of the effects heard about are negative, the world would be a much different place without peer pressure, and not necessarily for the better. How would a world of individuals get together? If one group of individuals and another, cant get together, and therefore proclaim war. How could a couple billion individuals survive together? Nevertheless, some things would get better.If many teenagers scoop smoking because of peer pressure, without it, fewer teens would probably be smoking. Could we survive without peer pressure? If there w ere no peer pressure, many things would be changed, the way we speak to friends, would be changed dramatically. We wouldnt be able to say such common things as, Those shoes are really cool, because they could interpret this be a friend, to mean that wearing those shoes is cool, therefore being pressured.As you can see, peer pressure plays a very important role in our everyday lives. Without it, no one would be the same, a world of total individuals, who didnt listen to what anyone had to say about everything. Yet with it, a world where teens start smoking at the age of 12, having babies at the age of 14, and stealing to get money to buy drugs at 18. IS PEER PRESSURE REALLY THAT BAD? Weve open the fact that peer pressure affects everyone, but is it really that bad? There are many, many examples of disastrous consequences to peer pressure. Following is the example of David Duren. David Duren is awaiting execution on Alabama death row.For the last couple years he been asking himself W hat am i doing here? By piecing together the events in his life. He says that his real problem was growing up with peer pressure. I was a skinny little weekling, a straight kid. So, for company and fun he hung out with the kids in his apartment complex. He wasnt accepted at first because he didnt smoke, drink or curse. But he discovered that if he treasured to fit in he had to do all those things. So, at age 12, he inhaled his first cigarette, drank his first beer, smoked his first joint of pot, and cursed regularly. He then discovered that by succumbing to peer pressure, he surrounded himself with so-called friends who smoked, drank, did drugs and cursed.Bye exposing yourself to the drug world you discover many, many different drugs. Then suddenly, he wasnt just smoking pot, he was crushing Quaaludes and mixing it with his pot. He then discovered his favorite drug, LSD. He was doing it even when in the army on the average of four or five times a week. One night, he killed a 16 yea r old girl while he was doing LSD. Why All because I gave in to peer pressure Thats where it all started. He explains. Your friends can make you or break you. David Duren now wishes he had taken the advice of 1Corinthians 1533, Do not be deceived bad companions corrupt good morals.Peer pressure is one of the major reasons that teens ill-usage illegal drugs. Peer pressure is when another person in this age group persuades someone else to do something they dont want to do. (Williams, Rob) This happens often among friends. In Alcohol, Stepney discuses children mimicking or idealizing friends, family, or T.V. Most people use peer pressure every day. A typical phrase is when someone says, It will be fun, trust me. This could be guileless pressure to try something like a new movie, or a new brand of cookies. It could also be pressure to abuse illegal drugs. Peer pressure is often utilise in harmful ways. (Doe, John)Teens at a party want to fit in. Many find it is very hard to say no w hen their peers are doing drugs. It may seem easy to say no, but when a teen feels pressured and wants to fit in, most teens try the drugs in the end. Another form of peer pressure is reverse psychology. This is making it look good for you although its bad. If someone changes sides all of a sudden, a teen may change to the other side as well thinking it was their own idea. Greed, according to an electronic source, is another reason for drug abuse among teens, as they get others hooked and dispense to them to pay for their own habit. (Guillermo D. Jalil) Peer pressure is probably the main reason most teens abuse illegal drugs.During puberty, many teens suffer with depression. Depression is when a teen is not happy with themselves for real or imagined reasons. They may be suffering from low self-esteem or torment by others, leading to not being happy with their appearance or other physical features.Many teens go through periods of moodiness, inner turmoil, and rebellion (Gilbert, Sar a). Depression may also occur in a teen due to family problems. A teen may think a divorce is coming due to parental behavior but the parents may not be thinking that. In How to Live With a Single Parent, Sara Gilbert says, It could be worse (29). This refers to a parent talking about a teens fathers death. Family problems are stressful and this stress can lead to depression, thoughts of suicide, and the abuse of illegal drugs.Stress is a physical, chemical, or excited factor that causes bodily or mental tension (Williams, Rob). When adolescents go through a lot of stress they just want the problems to go away. Some abuse mind-expanding drugs, which make them forget for the time being. According to Getting High in Junior High, youth today are rapidly ever-changing (Doe, John). Many teens do not seem to be able to handle the changes. When they become sober again, they may become depressed. They still have the worries and emotional problems they used to.Loneliness is a feeling many t eens go through. Adolescents go through this because during their teen years they become more independent. This causes them to change their lifestyle. Changing lifestyles means they may stay in or out of the house more. They may not hang out with friends as often (Gilbert, Sara). Teens sometimes abuse drugs to pass their time because they are lonely.They do this because it makes them feel good for a short time. Nody Labi writes in Amiss Among the Amish for Time magazine, of an Amish college student saying, The thrills are not really satisfying. The stability in the Amish community looks more worthwhile (Labi, Nodi). This Amish college student realized the stability of her community was more satisfying than the thrills of abusing illegal drugs.

Outcomes of divorce on children Essay

Divorce, while lengthy and sometimes hurtful, can be beneficial to the children and spouses. Children coming from situations of abuse and neglect actually benefit from the breakup of p bents. These parents may remain single or remarry, still studies have shown that the children have and are thriving in a way they were unable to before the separation. patch there are exceptions to every rule, the divorcement has become a positively charged alternative in some families. Children coming from homes where violence and abuse is an ordinary occurrence, are not only victims in their childhood, tho are continually affected as adults.According to the Traumatogentic model, proposed by Dr. Finkelor (1987), the abused child produces a number of disparate psychological effects and long term behavioral changes. Leaving a child in such a situation would not only behave continual physical harm, but also the long term psychological problems. In such personas divorce is encouraged for the benefi t of both the spouse creation abused and the child involved. After divorce children have been shown to thrive in the new, abuse-free environment showing improvements in their education, attitude, and overall social ramp upment.Another factor of positive divorce is the presence of neglect in the household. Accumulating information from the Attachment Theory proposed by John Bowlby in 1980, researchers have compiled evidence of the side effects of the wish of a secure attachment to dole outgivers at an early age. Because of rejection and inconsistent attention, among other forms of neglect, these children have developed anxious, insecure or disorganized/disoriented attachments with their primary care providers (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services).With two parents this neglect from one or both can turn to a feeling of hatred for one or both parents from the child. This lack of secure attachment relationship then hinders the infants or toddlers ability to explore his/her environment and develop feelings of competence (U. S. Department of Health and Human Services). Divorce here is an apparent necessity to the children involved. Based on the long term effects of neglect from numerous studies, children are better with one parent that cares for them or a non-biological parent than two that do not accurately care for the childs needs. go being exposed to the process of divorce, children have become aware that struggle is a normal part of marriage and have been able to use their parents as examples. In a study done by Psychology Today, twenty-eight college students were interviewed to see how their parents divorce influenced their own current and past relationships. The group was split up into three different groups according to their responses. The first group were named the Modelers. This group mimicked their parents relationship, continuing to be dysfunctional.The second group were the Strugglers, this group showed a cautiousness in trust others and hesitancy in opening up to others. The third were the Reconcilers. These students strove to learn from their parents mistakes and the problems they witnessed, to create more successful relationships in their own lives. The group that the students fell into also had to do with the type of relationship they had with their parents before the breakup and after. It was found that the modeler group had limited insight to the problems that their parents were going through.The strugglers lost touch with their parents and received little stand up after the divorce. In contrast, reconcilers kept touch with their parents and were given positive reinforcement (H. Parker). In these cases the students learned from their parents divorce by example. Neither regretting their parents closing nor harboring ill feelings toward them for the separation. Good communication between parents and children was key to a happy outcome post-divorce.In an interview done by Dr.Joyce Arditti of the Virginia Polyte chnic Institute, fifty-eight two-year-old women who were raised by only their bugger off were asked their feelings on the situation. The women all agreed that the relationship between themselves and their mothers could never be closer. The relationships evolved into that of a best friendship or else than an authority figure and child. Although they are not the traditional mother-daughter relationships, they still provide support for the child in all the ways that a typical mother could and even go beyond that to the type of support that only a friend could provide.Growing up in a family with both parents present, was somewhat slight than picture perfect in my own experiences. As a child, hearing constant arguing from both parents caused me to have a bias opinion on the parent doing the least amount of yelling or the parent that was fighting for my cause. This fighting being a constant in my life, made me wish that they would divorce, but because of personal religious reasons the y have not. This, in turn, causes me to have apprehensions about marriage and doubt some of the stipulations that I was raised to associate with marriage.Divorce in my case would benefit my relationship with both parents and ease my own apprehensions about marriage. Divorce will always be a tough situation for the parents and children involved, but that does not mean that it has to be a negative one. The term divorce has been, in recent years, coined with a negative connotation. This however, is out-dated and one sided. With the recent studies and the help of psychologists, the term divorce has become somewhat less than taboo in our society today.

Development politics-political science

The give awayment of economic thought on proper public indemnity has followed (if not led) policy-making tides in increase countries. In the expedition for paradigm dominance in economics and sub disciplines such as increment economics, neo-classicism appears to have won out.The commercializeplace leaning thrust of the development counter revolt is now reflected in the conditionality underlying global policy restructuring, that is, the escalating pressure exerted on developing countries to lessen the scope of g everywherenment intervention, craft more(prenominal) open policies, and the distended use of conditional development assistance as a meaning of enforcing conformity. This must be interpreted from the point of view of a more invasive worldview that has perceived excessive government contri justion as becoming more obtrusive in more developed and developing countries alike. linger defined clearly the policy reform of authorized economic liberalism. Thus it is help ful to look at the justified government interventions listed in his Principles. He begins his chapter Of the lawsuit and Limits of the Laissez-faire or Non-interference Principle by distinctive types of intervention. The first he calls authoritative intrusion, by which he content legal prohibitions on private actions. wedge argues on moral causa that such prohibitions must be limited to actions that affect the interests of others.Although even here the obligation of making out a national always deceit on the defenders of legal prohibitions. Scarcely several degree of utility, short of absolute necessity, will rationalize a prohibitory regulation, unless it can in any case be made to suggest itself to the general principles. The second form of intervention he calls government chest of drawers, which exists when a government, instead of issuing a command and enforcing it by penalties, gives advice and promulgates information . . . or side by side with their private agents arran gements forces an agency of its own for like purpose.Thus the government can provide various private and public goods, scarcely without prohibiting competing private supply. The examples Mill gives atomic number 18 banking, education, public works, and medicine. (Mill, 1909) The majority of the government interventions Mill permits belong to this second category. But he warns against their costs they have keen monetary consequences they boost the power of the government all additional function undertaken by government is a fresh job imposed upon a body already charged with duties.So that most things are ill done much not done at all, and the consequences of government agency are expected to be counterproductive. In a passage that is prophetic about the structure of numerous public enterprises in developing countries, he writes The inferiority of government agency, for example, in any of the parking lot operations of industry or commerce, is proved by the fact, that it is hardl y ever able to maintain itself in equal competition with individual agency, where the individuals possess the requirement degree of industrial enterprise, and can command the necessary assemblage of means.All the facilities which a government enjoys of access to information all the means which it possesses of remunerating, and because of commanding the vanquish available talent in the marketare not an equivalent for the one great disadvantage of an inferior interest in the result. (Mill, 1909) On these grounds he concludes few will dispute the more than sufficiency of these reasons, to throw, in every instance, the burden of making out a firm case, not on those who resist, and on those who recommend, government interference.Laissez-faire, in short, should be the general practice every departure from it, unless required by some great good, is a definite evil. (Mill, 1909) But Mill also gives a bridge to the ideas that were later to weaken economic liberalism. The most significan t of these was the incorporated ideal of equality, which was later used to develop a powerful cure to the liberal tradition through Marxism and was executed as enounce socialism by the Bolsheviks.Thus Mill permits various forms of government agency numerous of which echo what later came to be accepted as causes of market failure, that prima facie could rationalize appropriate government intervention. Such grounds might be externalities in the stipulation of basic education and public services (like lighthouses), and the require to administer financial institutions against fraud, or to resolve diverse forms of what today would be called Prisoners Dilemmas. Mill also cited the relief of poverty as another potential reason for government involvementThe question crams whether it is better that they should receive this help exclusively from individuals, and thitherfore uncertainly and casually, or by systematic arrangements in which edict acts through its organ, the state (Mill, 1909 ). Hence, he argued, the claim to help, . . . created by destitution, is one of the strongest which can exist and there is prima facie the amplest reason for making the relief of so extreme an exigency as certain to those who require it, as by any arrangements in society it can be made (Mill, 1909).On the other hand, in all cases of helping, there are two sets of consequences to be considered the consequences of the assistance, and the consequences of relying on the assistance. The former are generally beneficial, but the latter, for the most part, injurious so much so, in many cases, as greatly to outweigh the value of the benefit. And this is never more likely to happen than in the very cases where the need of help is the most intense.There are few things for which it is more mischievous that people should rely on the habitual aid of others, than for the means of subsistence, and unhappily there is no lesson which they more easily learn. The problem to be solved is therefore one of peculiar nicety as well as richness how to give the greatest amount of needful help, with the smallest encouragement to undue reliance on it (Mill, 1909). This is a discerning summary of two the attractions and consequences of welfare programmes, which has since been authorized empirically.Though, by assigning a larger and endogenous role for the state or public sector in the economy, Keynes set the way for the explanation of development policy in price of a discretionary, type of economic management at the state level. Thus, planning came to be viewed as a helpful mechanism for overcoming the deficits of the market-price system, and for sign up public sustain to attain national objectives linked to economic growth, employment formation, and poverty mitigation.It was against this backdrop that the pioneers of contemporary development economics developed Keynesian and Pigovian critiques of the market-price means to advocate the need for planned development. Since development c ould not be left completely to market forces, government investment was thought to be desired to create social transparency capital as a means of laying the basics for the developing countries to take off on the flight toward self-sustained economic growth.From the viewpoint of Pigovian externalities, the private sector could not be estimated to invest at adequately high levels in the formation of such forms of capital as of increase returns to scale, technological externalities, and the reality that such investments tend to exhibit the characteristics of public goods. As neo-classical-type adjustment or marginal changes could not efficaciously address the problem at hand, planning was visualized as a necessary means of developing macroeconomic targets and providing the organizing efforts and consistency requisite for the preferences of society to be recognized.In the economic management of both the more developed and less developed countries, a good deal of controversy has surroun ded Keyness advocacy of more state intervention. As he wrote in his Essays in Persuasion, I think that capitalism, wisely managed, can probably be made more efficient for attaining economic ends than any alternative system further in sight, but that in itself, it is in many ways extremely objectionable. Our problem is to work out a social organization which shall be as efficient as possible without offending our notions of a satisfactory way of life. Contextually, Keynes rejection of laissez-faire cannot be construed as an support of the bureaucratic type of planning that was erst popular in former socialist countries and the developing world. The issue had surfaced end-to-end the celebrated Socialist Calculation debate of the interwar years as a means of showing why a decentralized market economy is probable to provide a greater degree of socio-economic coordination than a central one. Specifically, Nobel Laureate Friedrich Hayek (1935) had argued that growing political involvem ent in the economic system would ultimately lead to totalitarian dictatorship.Hayekian anti-Keynesianism was to conduct in the idea of a dirigiste dogma, or the potential dangers innate(p) in government solutions to economic and social problems. Yet, it can be contradicted that the dogma was perhaps more pertinent to his disciples than to Keynes himself. As, his analysis of the British economy throughout the thirties was based on assumptions concerning rationally functioning markets. The case for planning was restricted to the concern of a macroeconomic framework in which microeconomic choices could be moderately orchestrated.The guiding viewpoint was that in the absence of a proper macroeconomic enabling environment, markets will engender the kind of stagnation implied in underemployment equilibrium. At the international level, as a result, the counter-revolution was translated into a re lotist loom to North-South relations based on an extolment of the advantages of Adam Smiths i nvisible hand over the difficulties of the visible hand of statism. Contextually, the poverty of development economics has been accredited to the policy induced, and thus far from expected distortions formed by irrational dirigisme (Lal 1983 1).In his view, conventional development economics was not simply too dogmatic and dirigiste in its orientation, but also sustained by a number of fallacies, including (i) the belief that the price-market mechanism must be displaced rather than supplemented (ii) that the efficiency gains from deepen allocation of given resources are quantitatively irrelevant (iii) that the case for free trade lacks soundness for developing countries (iv) that government control of prices, wages, imports, and the allocation of productive assets is a indispensable prerequisite for poverty improvement and (v) that rational maximizing behavior by economic agents is not a common phenomenon. Besides advocating a little role for the state, Lal also joins hands with Hayek in arguing that nothing must be done about income distribution. We cannot . . . identify equity and efficiency as the resole ends of social welfare . . . Other ends such as liberty are also valued. . .. And if redistribution entails costs in terms of other social ends which are as valued it would be foolish to disregard them and concentrate solely on the strictly economic ends (Lal 1983 89). This argument can be construed to mean that no bet how considerable the welfare gains that are probable to accrue from redistributive policies, no liberty is ever worth trading or forfeiting. Besides the ideological tunnel sight that lies at the heart of such a claim, it can be argued that the potential of attaining authentic development depend as much on the sensitivity of the state to distributive justice as on the competence and locative goals stressed in neoclassical economics or the liberty that is the focus of new classical political economy.Peter Bauer, another inner figure in t he counter-revolution, challenges the major variations in economic structure and levels of developmental attainment among countries must be explained in terms of equivalent differences in resource endowments and individualistic orientations. This viewpoint rests on a basic belief that the inherent potentials of individuals can be drawn out throughout the play of market forces. Contextually, he states (1981 8s), the precise causes of differences in income and wealth are complex and various. . . . In substance such differences result from peoples widely differing attitudes and motivations, and also to some limit from chance circumstances. Some people are gifted, hardworking, ambitious, and enterprising, or had farsighted parents, and they are more likely to become well off. In turn, such attributes are metrical accountable for the East Asian success stories, or a demonstration of the legality and correctness of the individualistic free market approach to economic development. In mor e general terms, the achievement of these countries is interpreted as a substantiation of the domain assumptions of neo-classical economic theory that competent growth can be promoted by relying on free markets, getting prices to replicate real scarcities, liberalizing trade policy, and authorizing international price signals to be more generously transmitted to the domestic economy. On the wholly idea, therefore, is that market-oriented systems with private incentives lean to show a superior performance in terms of growth attainment.In general, critics of the dirigiste dogma such as Hayek, Lal, and Bauer assert that, compared to countries in the more developed division of the world, most governments in the less developed sector lack the type of knowledge and data required for rational intervention, are often less democratic, and often exhibit motives that are at inconsistency with Keynesian-type or structuralist objectives of growth with redeployment and full employment. The reac tion is that markets in both sectors of the world are less liberated than is usually supposed, lack the capability for making rational decisions, and particularly in the developing world, not always adequately organized to effectively convey the essential price signals. There is numerous element of truth in both the anti-Keynesian and Keynesian/structuralist perspectives. Where the balance is lastly drawn becomes an issue of political theory and slanted judgment rather than scientific economic analysis. In any event, the path followed by any particular country is typically constrained by its historical and socio-cultural role.In addition, the obstruction of local forms of industrial development led to the configuration of a modern middle class of petit bourgeoisie comprising army officials, government bureaucrats, gracious servants, teachers, and related cadres. In certain regions and countries, they integrated small traders, progressive farmers, middle peasants, and similar grou ps that come to obtain increasing importance in the absence of substantive industrialization. They were to become the prime advocates of state capitalism and other forms of national developmentalism. In conclusion, approximately all states in the developing world are domineering in varying degrees. Several are classic cases of the predator or rentier state in which everything is part of a rulers individual fiefdom and high offices are up for deal to the highest bidders.There are a few cases, yet, where governments have established some measure of institutional consistency in the detection of collective development goals. Needless to say, the situation diverges from one historical or political framework to another. The majority of developing countries have no substitute but to rely on a strong and focused government to map out a strategic development way. The obstinate theoretical and practical question relics why different types of interventionist states with command over similar resources and instruments of control tend to show extremely conflicting development orientations and end up on dissimilar development paths.The consensual view is that the great majority have remained regulatory or obstructionist and are far back on the road to becoming real development states that portray the vision and capability needed to promote necessary development goals. Achievement of the latter depending not so much on the dimension of the government apparatus but more on its quality and efficiency. This has been established by the development experience of Nordic and East Asian countries, which have been thriving in meshing interventionist schemes with the market mechanism, as well as in cultivation resilient coalitions of modernizing interests in the structuring of national development agendas. Traditionally, such coalitions have resultant their integrity, credibility, and political legality from the nations collective aspirations.The centralization of decision making ha s been efficiently combined with flexibility in dealing with technical and market conditions. Goals and policies have been continually interpreted and reinterpreted on the land of organizational networks between party organizations, public officials, and private entrepreneurs. This is not meant to propose that what has worked in the flourishing corporatist models of the Nordic countries and the Sinitic world, particularly Japan, can or should be replicated in the late-developing world. In the first place, the social and cultural homogeneity in both regions have made the counterfeiting of a political consensus much easier.Second, the tensions that continuously arise between the spoken interests of organized classes, pressure groups, and the state influential responsible for policy formulation and implementation cannot be resolved in a consideration free or institutionally neutral manner. The state remains a strategic actor in the game of mixed conflict and cooperation amongst other groups (Bardhan 1988 65). under the conditions, the nature of developmental outcomes eventually depends on its ability to determine conflicts and make compromises in an open political milieu. The directness of the political process determines the nature and competency of the development delivery system and the degree to which consensual relationships can be recognized and nurtured with labor, business, peoples organizations, and the rustic sector.

Cultural Event Paper

A cultural event that I invite attended in the past that has had a memorable affect on my life was a Native American Powwow. This event takes place every year, Thanksgiving weekend in Tucson, AZ. I arrived in the late afternoon, as the sun was going down. I remember seeing many different types of people, from tourists to the different Native American performers. The physical setting of this fact celebration was outside, and based around, one main circle. Drums were beating so loud, you could feel the pound inside your chest.Different activities were going on all around, such as dancers, vendors, and a huge variety of foods to choose from. The circular dancing bena is cognize as the arbor, this state is blessed before any of the events begin (Schultz, 2001). This area is considered to be sacred ground, and is reputeed throughout the entire celebration (Schultz, 2001). The arbor was made of tree limbs and leaves. The four main entries into the festivities were used to resemble th e four points of a compass (Schultz, 2001). The dancers entered from the east entrance, and the main announcer was located by the West entrance.Many spectators were sitting on blankets, and some on lawn chairs. The environment was relaxed, and a very comradely atmosphere. The activities included dance and drum contests, different ceremonies, and many different vendors. The crafts were all handmade and amazing. Each piece looked as if it were specially made from the heart. The Native American culture to me felt festive, warm, and very inviting. The dancers come from many different tribes. Their faces were painted, and their costumes consisted of beautiful festive colors. They were made of feathers, sequence, dye, and other natural fabrics.A hash out is a Native American gathering, or celebration that began with the Plains tribe, and continued to other Native American tribes through the years (Schultz, 2001). A powwow is also the oldest known public ritual of the Native Americans (S chultz, 2001). This culture considers this arrayicular festivity, a celebration of the circle of life. They include much of their culture in their dance, music, art, food, and drumming, especially while acting these rituals (Schultz, 2001). In the past powwows took place around seasonal changes.This changed as non-natives began to join in celebrating these Native American customs (Schultz, 2001). Native American powwows earliest introduce dates back to July 4th, 1900 in a Missoula, MT newspaper (Schultz, 2001). Native Americans hold a type of esoteric concept that comes from their philosophy of preserving their environment as sanitary as their kinship that ties them together (Access Genealogy, 2009). They not only have social ties, they are politically and religiously organized through their rituals, government, and other institutions (Access Genealogy, 2009).They work together to reside in a territorial area, and speak a common language (Access Genealogy, 2009). They are not c haracterized by any one certain construction (Access Genealogy, 2009). However, the society agrees on fundamental principles that bond together a certain social fabric (Access Genealogy, 2009). Different Native American tribes throughout the years have had different ideas, opinions, philosophies, which are not al behaviors predetermined by their past ancestors. The roots and customs of Native American tribes run deep.A feeling of respect and tradition is in the air. Every little detail has meaning and a certain level of pride and of importance to all(prenominal) individual taking part in the ceremony. According to Access Genealogy, 2009, Humanities are studies of the human condition, whether it is the study of art, sociology, anthropology, literature, history, or any other human endeavor. Humanities are the core of humanism, and are the product and creativeness of each individual society. Each cultures has its own form of expression in this case, it was the powwow.This was a way to entertain and get ahead awareness to the Native American culture. They are not afraid to show who they are, like other cultures, which can be more refined in the way they celebrate. Native Americans choose to embrace their heritage, and make it a part of their everyday lives. They are trying to hold on to a special place from their past, and not let it slip away. America is known as the Melting Pot with many different cultures, I believe that celebration is a way for each culture to hold onto their identity, and gain respect in a world that is constantly changing.

Smileys people, spy game

In the institution of espionage the value of give Is paramount represents a valid statement to an extent. The characters set and Ideologies are a reflection of the context of which they live. The novel Smiley people by John Lee Care, the movie Spy Game, directed by Tony Scott and the Interview Kim Billys great betrayal presented by Phillip Adams represent this statement through different portrayals of the world of espionage. These three texts exhibit a power get by between communist and western elective societies, twain very different political ideologies.The world of espionage is fraught with manipulation, betrayal and finesse and aiming to carry through the greater good. It is a world where its inhabitants will do anything take down if it means performing acts that are shown criminal by mainstream society Just to complete a mission. It Is a world where information is gold and an important schedule Is worth more than a persons life. T corrode sustains a relationship In the spy world, a relationship that allows communication and control of knowledge and power. The spy world demonstrates a context where self-confidence Is a value, not valued by all who inhabit this world.For spies that play the spy game they have to have trust in those that control their missions and must have trust in themselves, to be commensurate to get the job d atomic number 53. But for others such as defectors and double agents trust is tool practised to get information and used to manipulate and gain power over the opposing side. A jolt between the personal and the lord values is seen in Tony Scoots Spy Game, through the character of Tom Bishop. It is shown in the scene where Bishop must bring Schmidt across the border from east to west Germany. When Bishop andSchmidt world that they will get killed if they attempt to cross the border, Schmidt pleads with Bishop to take him But my wife, my kids. When Schmidt says this we can see Bishops realization that Schmidt Is hum an and not just an expendable pawn, or an asset. This clash between the personal and professional values of Bishop challenges his moral outlook on life. However in order to stay alive and nourish himself he must leave Schmidt, whys trust he has manipulated for use of his own organization and his own professional gain. Whilst having to trust someone who may be doing the same thing to him.The context has had an effect on the values of Bishop, his values compromised by the situation he has been placed in. The excerpt to leave Schmidt behind to die was not a choice that Bishop would have made on his own accord, yet he has had to. This is a direct result of his immediate context, which has forced a re-evaluation of his values. The value of trust one that all spies must have, has turned bishop against his personal humanity and has set him to achieve what Is seen as the greater good, to leave Schmidt because he Is less Important.The trust placed In agents to carry out the Nilsson that th ey are assigned with Is a tepee for agencies to take in process of completing the mission. The agents who are to best that they should or mess it up completely, it is in these times that the value of trust is seen to be most paramount. An example in Tony Scoots Spy game is when Bishop is sent to manipulate the doctor to have the fashion plate assassinated however he let down Mir and he didnt get there in time so Mir had sent in a self-destruction bomber to blow the flatcar building.Bishop had played on Emirs trust and let him down, after the explosion Bishop asks Mir if hes happy with the outcome Seventy four casualties and an entire apartment block leveled, one dead terrorist. Yeah IM happy is the reply from Mir. In this statement we can see the stark contrast in perspectives of success and the values take in order to obtain this success. Seventy four casualties for one terrorist is a high price to pay, yet it shows that Mir is more about getting the Job done, and works for the greater good as he believes that their sacrifice is better than one terrorist living.Mir throughout the book is a representation of freedom pictured almost always with the American careen which is a presentation of the values upheld by the county and the values that he upholds within himself driving him to become better as a spy, the flag is a symbol of the trust placed in him by his superiors working in the CIA and other government organizations it is because of this trust and expectation that Mir pursues his missions to the fullest extend as he is not a person to those who trust in him down. George Smiley on the other hand, an old school spy born and raised in a democratic society.Stuck in his ways as a spy is more wary about who to trust. Smiley is enraged with the circus or MUM for breaking their promise to protect Vladimir. This trust that Smiley had placed in MUM, much like that of Mir in Bishop, is broken. Smiley must now take matters into his own hands not sure who to tru st but close friends. To find the truth is what fuels Smiley search for the mystery behind the death of his old friend Vladimir. Smiley is a perfect representation of a mans internal struggle of conflicting values, and he must overcome the conflict to get to the bottom of the case an bring down Karl.The conflicting values is depicted in the acknowledgment Wrestling with troubled dreams. Smiley eventually through internal conflicts of morals and values rings down Karl. Smiley disregards this as a victory as he had compromised values precious to him, he sees the victory as double edged the fact he caught his man but had to give up who he is to do this his views on the sanctity of human life differ from those of Mir, Smiley is seen throughout the novel to try and save people like Castratos and not to let them die.His use of manipulation and deceit was what had allowed him to get the information he needed, but has left him feeling dejected that his morals and values have become irrelev ant in order to achieve the greater good. Deception is the way of the spy and most of them have used methods of this nature to obtain information and as a way of being able to use people we see this in the interview Elliot deceived by Kim Philly Elliot was one of Philips friends inside MUM and the trust that he showed in Philly was the weak link in the relationship.Although some spies might consider the morals behind their actions on the other end of the scale there are those that dont have moral and will use trust for their own gain and take advantage of those closest to them. These are the people that totally n the novel Smiley People would be something along the lines of a evil master mind set to take smiley out at all costs. Karl however isnt, he has mixed his personal with professional because of the love for his daughter.Trust in the spy world is complicated due to the fact that everything is to be kept secret from each other, so how are you supposed to trust someone whilst th ey arent telling you everything that they know. This is where trust comes into play, to be able to trust someone and their Judgment of what is right whilst figuring out for themselves what their values and morals say is right is what the fullest extend of the rust in the world of espionage.Trust in the spy world isnt at a constant in different contexts, situations, different people and agents will all see trust in a different light, and of different importance. Trust is what keeps agents alive to able to trust yourself at any time to do what is best for those near you and to trust those around you that they have your back. Yet there is no difference in those fighting and working for the greater good and those working against trust is recognise as a necessity and a value needed to be able to compete in the spy game.

Computer Supportive Cooperative Work Essay

Research QuestionHow can businesses in the f both in Arab Emirates make workout of computer-supported-cooperative work (CSCW) in order to enhance productivity, efficiency, and competitiveness in both the domestic and international commercializes?In this regard, this research study result look at various businesses in the UAE and assess their direct of using computer engineering in their business operations. In addition to this, the study volition identify factors and variables that guess the level of using computer technology in businesses in the UAE. Likewise, it ordain likewise assess the features and benefits of using CSCW as it applies to businesses in the UAE. Through this parallel analysis, a better down the stairsstanding of how CSCW may be implemented in the business environment in the UAE bequeath be explored.Introduction to DissertationThe economy of the joined Arab Emirates is a wonder. From being too dependent on oil, it managed to diversify its economic perfor mance through the revenues from oil and gas. Beginning 2005, it was able to overcome its budget shortfall and replace it with a surplus. The industries being developed in the country includes the telecommunications and banking, even the stock markets of the UAE are developing and growing.Given these increment of these industries, it is very important to go out that the growth is sustainable and that these industries should be able to compete both in the domestic and international markets. This is beca occasion of the increasing globalization of the economies of the world. Ensuring competitiveness, better productivity and efficiency mandates the emergency to use of goods and service all available resources. The information technology revolution and the ever increasing popularity of the meshing are revolutionizing the way that businesses are being run all over the world.Given this scenario, the businesses in the UAE can no longer ignore the fact that they have to compete using ev ery technological means available. The role model of computer supported cooperative work will support them achieve this level of competitiveness, productivity and efficiency in the market.Brief Literature ReviewThe United Arab Emirates is in a very good position in the Arab world today. It is showing the great potential for growth. However, it has been noted that the Arab world is not maximizing the use of computers and internet technology. This trend has a negative impact in the sustainability of business undertakings and in the overall economic growth. Given the widespread use of computers and information technology all over the world, businesses in the UAE have a tendency to lag behind their competitors who are using these technologies.The overriding intention for using computers and information technology, hence, is twofold. For one, computers and the Internet help enhance the overall communication scheme of any companycoordination, and the provision of directives are easily ac complished. On the other hand, computers and the Internet also help businesses gain important information that will help in the overall improvement of the business. Using computers also empower the employees of any given company and enhances the level of output and coordination that they have with their colleagues (Hayes & Walsham, 2000).Timely and accurate communications will make to greater efficiency of business operations. In turn, greater efficiency will lead to better productivity. It must be noted, however, that improving productivity should still be coupled with other business processes, which may or may not be aided by the use of computer supported cooperative work. When productivity is enhanced, then profits will go up, enabling the company to save and romp these savings to the accumulation of capital or increasing their base of operations.This can then be used as the spring board for UAE companies to boost their competitiveness, and quite possibly, embark on a strategy to extend their operations to other countries in the Gulf region and in the world. In implementing CSCW in the UAE, however, both the proficient and non-technical persuasions should be considered. Under the technical aspect, the software for CSCW should be chosen carefully. It should be flexible, and easily adaptable to the servingicular contexts of the people using it (Dittrich & Lindeberg, 2003).In the context of the UAE, such(prenominal) software should take into account the language of the people working there. It should also demonstrate cultural sensitivity wherever possible. In addition to the technical aspect, the non-technical aspect of implementation of CSCW should also be undertaken. Issues of training, organization culture, leadership and matching suitable employees to their areas of expertise in the model of CSCW should be considered.In this regard, Ackerman (2000) took note of the social-technical divide that pervades CSCW frameworks. As such, the norms for the int eractions mingled with people should not be taken over completely by the norms of human-computer interactions. In a society such as the UAE, this is of particular immenseness in putting CSCW to work in the business settings.Although this proposal has presented a brief lit review, the final study will follow the following outline. First, the literature review will delved with the recent revolutions in the area of information and communication technologies and the driving forces behind this revolution. In addition to that, the impact of this revolution to the economy will be explored. Varian, Shapiro, and Farells (2004) The sparings of Information Technology is a good starting point on the forces driving this revolution as well as the effects of this revolution in businesses around the world.From a macro perspective, this literature will then focus on the performance of the UAE in terms of desegregation telecommunications in the society, especially in business settings and operati ons. Ayish (2005), conducted a study of 20 organizations in the UAE and their usage of internet in propagating information within the organization and to the world. In addition to this, the World Economic Situation and Prospects 2006, published by the United Nations (2006) will help the researcher understand the overall situation of the prospect of growth in the way that UAE citizens and organizations use computers and information technologies. The literature review will also look at the various research methods and approaches used in analyzing the use of computers in various organizations in the country.Data Collection and Data AnalysisThis study will make extensive use of the case study as a research method. This research method will delve deeply into the strategies being used by companies in the UAE to ensure productivity and efficiency. Special vigilance would be given to the computers, information technology systems and the internet that they are utilizing. The product and ser vices of these companies will also be analyzed in relation to the market where they are serving. Corollary to this, the immediate economic environment and competitiveness of these companies will be analyzed through content analysis and by going through unoriginal data.As such, the needs of these companies will be identified and analyzed alongside the trends in the market. Moreover, their needs for the use of computer-supported cooperative work (CSCW). The benefits of using the CSCW will also be analyzed. These will then be applied to the setting of the various companies under consideration with the interest of arriving at a framework that integrates the use of CSCW in the overall business operations in such a way that the productivity and efficiency of the business firm is enhanced.In other words, the variables that this study will look at and measure are (1) the level of reliance of companies on computer and other related technologies (2) the effectiveness of the communication and coordination processes that the organization uses to deliver products and services (3) the responsiveness of the employees of the organization in using CSCW (4) the impact of external trends and situations in the organizations drive to achieve its targets and (5) the suitability of CSCW for the use of business organizations in the UAE.The study will use a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods to achieve a greater level of reliability and validity. According to Johnson and Onwuegbuzie (2004), the mixed-method diversity of research draws upon the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative analysis, which enables the researcher to draw upon several methodologies in measuring the variables of the study.The results of this study will be collated, compared, and analyzed. These data will be presented through various visual presentations such as tables, graphs and charts for easy reference. This will make comparisons and analyses easier and will make plainer the relationships between the variables and factors that shall have been identified by this study. The relationships between variables shall be highlighted.Presentation of Analysis and Outcome of Study The result of the methods employed will be presented in an easy to understand manner, and in tables or matrices where possible. such(prenominal) an analysis will help highlight the relationships between the variables identified in the study. These variables will then be used to formulate a set of guidelines that will help business organizations implement CSCW in their organization. Through this set of guidelines, they will be able to make the transition and implementation as smooth as possible and they will be able to avoid the pitfalls in conducting such an endeavor.Significance of this StudyThe expected outcome of this study is a set of guidelines or framework for the integration of CSCW in the operations of business firms with the intent of enhancing their productivity and efficiency. Such a framework would be very helpful for firms that are direct locally in the UAE, as well as for those that conduct operations abroad. It would also set the foundation for future work exploring this same issue.Through the framework that will be established by this study, the global competitiveness of companies in the UAE will be enhanced. Moreover, those who are not already reaping the benefits that computer support cooperative work offers can begin to explore it and not long after, they will be able to use it. Seen from a wider perspective, the use of CSCW in the business organizations in the UAE will help make businesses more viable in this kind of situation.Structure of the Study The different parts of this study, together with their brief descriptions may be found in the section below.Introduction The Introduction will contain basic information about the subject matter, about the research questions and topic under investigation, as well as the environmental context in which the study may be situated.The Literature Review The Literature review presents the findings of articles and books written on the subject. Through this, the major points, observations and debates in the research topic will be explored, thereby making the researcher familiar with the research topic.Research Design It is in this section that the methodology, the research tools will be outlined so that the researcher will have a definitive guide as to the way that he will get the important data for the analysis of the research topic and question.Summary of Results Based on the research design, the kinds of data that will be composed and the summary and salient points of the summary should be presented in graphical format such as tables and graphs.Analysis and Recommendation Based on the results generated, the data will be analyzed and the trends and relationships between variables will be established. Lastly, an action point or call to action may be instituted in this last part of th e paper.ReferenceAckerman, M. S. (2000). The Intellectual Challenge of CSCW The Gap Between Social Requirements and Technical Feasibility. Human-Computer Interaction, 15 (2-3), 179-203.Ayish, M. (2005). Virtual Public Relations in the United Arab Emirates A theatrical role Study of 20 UAE Organizations Use of the Internet. Public Relations Review, 31 (3), 381-388.Dittrich, Y. & Lindeberg, O. (2003). Designing for Changing Work and Business Practices. In Patel, N. V. (Ed). Adaptive Evolutionary Information Systems, (pp. 152-157). Hershey, PA, IGI Global.Hayes, N. & Walsham, G. (2000). Competing Interpretations of Computer-Supported conjunctive Work in Organizational Contexts, Organization, 7 (1), 49-67.Johnson, R. B. & Onwuegbuzie, A. J. (2004). Mixed Methods Research A Research Paradigm Whose Time Has Come. Educational Researcher, 33 (7), 14-26.United Nations (2006). World Economic Situation and Prospects 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2007 from http//www.un.org/esa/policy/wess/wesp 2006files/wesp2006.pdf.Varian, H. R., Shapiro, C. & Farell, J. V. (2004). The Economics of Information Technology An Introduction. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.

Gully Trap

Everything you need to know about gully set ups Waste Pipes background signal Level Concrete Surface Grating 25mm above paved and 100mm above unpaved What is a gully trap? Agullytrapisabasininthegroundwhichreceivespiped wastewaterfromyourkitchen,bathroomandlaundrybeforeitis emptiedintothesewer. Thebasinhasawatersealtopreventfoul odoursofthesewerreachingthesurface. Thetoporsurroundis raisedabovegroundleveltopreventstormwaterandotherforeign matterenteringthesewer. What should my gully trap look like? Thediagramshowstheacceptedconfigurationofagullytrapasset outintheNewZealandBuildingCode.Gullytraparrangementswhich TheBuildingCodesaysyourgullytrapsurroundsmustbe25mm aboveapavedsurfaceor100mmaboveunpavedsurfaces. Compacted granular bedding material Separation from building material Gully traps are not meant for stormwater Inperiodsofheavy rainwater,asuddenincreaseinwater flowingintothesewerthroughgullytrapscanresult inwastewateroverflowselsewhereinthesewerage system. Thiscanresultinraw sewageentering ourharbour. Theseexcessiveflowscanalsocause problemsatthewastewatertreatmentplantdueto systemoverloading. Approved gully trap keeping rain water out of the wastewater system.Illegal gully trap allowing rain into the wastewater system. Common reasons why rain water flows into a gully trap inClude Incorrectheightofthegullytrapsurrounds Downpipesplumbedintothegullytrapinsteadofthestormwatersystem A TAURANGA city COUNCIL SERVICE Landscapingthatdirectswaterintothegullytrap Water seal 65mm (min) donotcomplywiththisconfigurationareconsideredillegal. 600mm (max) Preventing sewer overflows to keep our harbour clean TheSouthernPipelineisa$106Mwastewaterpipeline that leaveredirectmostofthecityswastewateroverto TeMaunga.However,itsstillafewyearsaway. InthemeantimeCouncilhasstartedinspectinggully trapsthroughoutthecitytohelpcustomersknowif theirsisOK,andtoofferadviceonhowtofixthemif theyrenot. Ifeverypropertyownerwithanincorrectlydesigned gullytrapfixedit,theamountofstormwater sneaking intothewastewatersystemwouldbegreatlyreduced. Not all problems will be solved by these options . . . Ifyouhavelandscapingthatdirectsstormwater intoyourgullytrap,youmayneedtospeaktoyour drainlayeraboutoptionstofixthis. Somegully trapsmayalsoneedadditionalworktomakethem compliant.Tofurtherminimiseanywatergettingintothe wastewatersystemallpropertyownersmust ensurethat anypavingsurroundingthegullytrapisgraded todirectallstormwaterawayfromit allwastepipeconnectionstothegullytrap remainwatertight anydownpipesthatcurrentlydischargeinto thegullytrapareredirectedtoastormwater system(e. g. soakholeorreticulationsystem). How can I fix my gully trap? Toraiseyourgullytraptotherequiredheight, suitable. hereareacoupleoflowcostoptionsthatmaybe 1. Installaplasticriser. Thisisfittedoverthe gullytrapwithsealantaroundtheedgesand walltokeepstormwateroutofthegullytrap.Theseareavailablefromhardwareoutlets likeMitre10,PlacemakersorCarters. 2. Installaconcretehalfring(alsoknownasa nibwall). This iscementedintoplacewith sealantaroundtheedgesandwalltokeep stormwateroutofthegullytrap. These areavailablefromaconcretesupplierlike Humes. For more information or advice, please contact Tauranga City Council on (07) 577 7000 or go to www. tauranga. govt. nz and type in key haggle gully trap. A TAURANGA CITY COUNCIL SERVICE If you need more help contact Waterline Ph 577 7000 Web www. tauranga. govt. nz MVM50675F

Intro to Operating Systems

Intro to Operating Systems Student Gabriel Guevara Chapter 5 physical exercises Exercise 2 Give at least(prenominal) two real life pillow slips (not related to a data processor system environment) of apiece of these concepts cul, starvation and race. Describe how the deadlocks could be re pull ind. 2 real life examples of the concept of deadlock A. In a presidential election 2 expectations reach an electoral deadlock when neither candidate get a majority of the 270 electoral votes required to win the presidency.This is resolved by the House of Representatives, with each state delegation having one vote. Senators would elect the vice-president. B. Diet deadlock occurs when calories are restricted when a piece being is dieting , as a consequence the bodys metabolism slows down The motive is the body is worried about going into starvation mode and is trying to holdown to leftover body fat. The firmness to diet deadlock is to 1. Eat more protein to boost metabolism. 2. Lift we ights to increase brawn mass, the more muscle mass the more calories burned in a 24 hour period (day). . Do more cardio to burn more calories. 2 Real life examples of Starvation Hypoxia is the name given to oxygen starvation, for example of this human body is when brain tissue is deprived of oxygen-rich-blood, if this condition lingers a range of events could follow such as permanent brain damage or death. The solution is to restore the flow of oxygen-rich-blood to the brain via any functional procedure that would unlock the deadlock or flow of vital oxygen enriched blood back into the brain.Aviation give the axe starvation occurs when there is a supply problem to the engine for various reasons such as a blocked elicit filter or gradual fuel pump failure. But the most habitual problem with fuel starvation is with aircraft with water contaminated fuel being delivered to the engine instead of none-contaminated fuel resulting in fuel starvation within the engine. This is correcte d by replacing the fuel filter or fuel pump and testing the fuel for the presence of water prior to use for a flight. 2 Examples of the term race Exploitative competition is when 2 organisms vie for the same(p) resources.One way for nature to solve this condition is to naturally develop habitat conditions to induce mutualistic bonds between the 2 organisms so that one cannot get going in their natural habitat without the other, therefore perhaps reversing deadlock conditions. Organism competition Utilization of the same resources by organisms of the same or different species living together in a community resulting in a sort of deadlock competition for said resources. One way to relief this deadlock condition is for one organism to develop a method of eliminating the other by intelligently depriving it from the resource in question.Advance exercise 14 A system that is in an dangerous state is not necessarily deadlock. inform why this is true? Give an example of such system (in an unsafe state) and describe how all the processes could be completed without causing deadlock to occur. Answer 1 An unsafe state doesnt suggest a realistic deadlock is presently occurring it appears this term is used to described that a sequence of events have at a succession set favorable condition(s) to suggest a deadlock is highly likely to occur.Answer 2 An example of an unsafe state within a system could be where a system has jobs in its request queue up greater than what is available in memory to handle the jobs waiting to be executed, setting ideal conditions for a deadlock. The concept of avoidance suggest that the system can remove one of the deadlock conditions if it knew ahead of time the sequence of a request associated with each of the active processes. There must exist at least one allocation of resources sequence that would allow jobs to continue without becoming deadlocked.

Factors Affecting Travel To Long Haul Destinations Report Essay

In this report I will talk about how factors affect perish to ample haul endings and in this I will include time zones, climate, seasonality and extreme climate conditions, travel restrictions, entry and exit requirements, health issues and social situations. In this report I will cover either of those with destinations such as Australia, North Africa, Thailand, Indonesia, South Africa and few more(prenominal). Time zones brace a big load on travelling to pertinacious haul destinations as people can get a super C lag which can ruin their vacation experience as they have to rest to get relinquish of it sooner they get active into more activities that they lack to do whilst on holiday. The enjoyment of anything they do is cut back when they are jet lagged. Insomnia which is non being fitting to sleep properly is a very gross side effect of jet lag and that is caused by the fact you wake up during the night and then(prenominal) sleep during the day which is caused by circadian rhythms being disturbed. Even NASA have estimated that you need 1 day of recovery for every time zone you cross to get back to normal so for slip if it takes you 8 hours to get to Australia and you go from GMT to GMT+8 then you should have 8 years of recovery before you can actually be normal.This is besides an issue with business trips as businessman need to get their thoughts straight on their work and projects as they land and sometimes they cant because of the loss of concentration from jet lag. This is a big effect on business travel long haul as the employees arent as successful. The domain Health Organization have excessively discovered that about 50% of people that travel to long haul destinations can catch more infections and illnesses to the lowering of human resistance which is what should fight any illnesses and infections and it can non do it due to it fighting with the jet lag. The gloriole in the aircraft is also not the same as on the ground and it gets you really dehydrated. British Airways have a jet lag calculator which you can use before your trip and it gives you tips on how to encumber jet lag and what to do to prevent it. Another luck of such a long trajectory like Australia can cause deep vein thrombosis which can be really fatal if not taken care of as it can pop and enter straight to your lungs. It has been proven by the World Health Organization Research that the risk of deep vein thrombosis happening doubles.This is caused by the lack of consummation and on that point are tipson a lot of website of exercises you can do on the plane to block the risk and also to buy some in flight socks. Climate and seasonality also have a big effect ton travelling to long haul destinations but that is just because of people not checking and not being sayed about important information. Australia has different seasons than England does. Australias hottest months are during Christmas time so if someone wants the best out of thei r weather they would be best to go at that time. People also arent aware of the monsoon season in Thailand which is a season of heavy rain falls. departling during that stay of time is sometimes even more than 50% cheaper and you have to be prepared for worse rainfalls and worse storms than in the UK which not a lot of people like when they go on holidays. In march 2011 there was flooding in Koh Tao which lead to the evacuation of all people and if this happened whilst you were on your holiday it would totally ruin your holiday experience. When it comes to the extreme climate conditions such as the tropical cyclones which happen in the South Pacific Ocean on the South of the equator.There has been a Tropical storm in Mexico in 2013 leaving people with no way to get to the airport with one pair of shorts, sandals and a top waiting to be rescued. People are stir of visiting such destinations due to the risk of something like this happening. Moving onto the travel restrictions whi ch are enthrone in place by the government to inform tourists about any risks when visiting destinations or restrictions that stop them going to the country whatsoever. The FCO is a government society that has a website which gives all up to date information about any risks. There has recently been the Ebola computer virus ongoing which made the government put on restrictions on travelling to areas of West Africa. These restrictions are put in place at the moment until march 2015 as there still hasnt been a cure fount and its a really deadly disease. Even though there has not been any risks of Ebola in the South Africa the times live have said in their news bind that there has been a lot of people cancelling their holidays due to the fact that they are scared of getting the virus.Travel restrictions are put in place to prevent people from getting the disease and spreading it further. near I will talk about the social situations that affect the travel to long haul destinations. T he exiguity in a lot of long haul destination countries reaches the extreme levels where beggars are around every corner. Tourists have to be reallycareful with showing what they have and showing their wealth as the beggars curiosity up making them feel guilty due to the fact that you maybe dont want to help them and if you do it still makes you think that it isnt enough. In Bandung which is a city in Indonesia there is an expected drop of 10% in tourism due to the increase of beggars on the streets. Tourists have to debate the culture and the level of poverty when they go to such an area and prepare themselves mentally to be able to enjoy this holiday. Also another example of this is the Ramadan city in Africa in which there are beggars not from even local areas harassing foreign tourists and making them give them all of their belongings. Recently these beggars were harassing two female tourists and when they didnt succeed in getting anything out of them they tried to steal their stuff. This has been stated by Sumaiya Yousuf on the boost Kashmir website.Next I will talk about the health issues that affect the travel to some long haul destinations. Health issues include things like diseases and epidemics. There is a disease ongoing at the thin of Ebola in the areas of West Africa which led to travel restrictions for UK citizens. This disease has not only lead to loss of tourism for West Africa but also for South Africa and some Asian cities as people are scared to come and visit those places because of the disease being this c retreat. There has been researches done that showed that if the epidemic spreads into countries such as Nigeria and Senegal, Africa could lose up to 32.6 billion by the end of 2015. The Research also shows a 20%-40% drop in demand to travelling to areas close to the affected regions. All of this is stated in a International headache Times news online. Entry and Exit requirements are another issue affecting travel to a long haul desti nation due to the cost of it as they are really high.A star visit visa to China costs 30 per person, vaccinations and the certificates for them could cost from 15- 150 per person depending on the destination and departure measurees when you are leaving to go back to England vary from 20-35 per person. Sometimes your departure tax is included in your flight however in some destinations such as Aruba, Dominican Republic, Jamaica and a few more you have to pay in local currency at the airport before you leave back home. Australia over the years since 2009 has increase their departure tax from $AUS7 to $AUS46 which as you can rank is a quick increase, we dont know whether other countries will be doing departure taxes however it is really of putting when touristsgo to destinations and a lot of their money goes on Visas, Departure tax and inoculation certificates.

Book of Prophet Isaiah Essay

Prophet Isaiah, the son of Amos, was descended from a royal tribe. Isaiah was born during the reign of world-beater Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz, Hezekiah and Jehovah. During his reign the landed estate as a whole enjoyed times of prosperity and temporal development. The whole community mourned his passing from the pictorial matter at a time when his presence seemed needed the most. Under him the theology of Jehovah was encouraged that he was not strong enough to secure the destruction of the high places where idolatrous practices were continued. His reign must(prenominal) be ranked as one of the outstanding of the southern kingdom. He walked in the rooms of his father, and below him the people continued to worship the master key Jehovah after the manner of the commandment, though still the places of fear were bothowed to remain. Ahaz, whose whole reign was one chronicle of hap and destruction. With an absolute abandon, Ahaz gave himself over to the overthrow of the ordained come in of worship, broke the commandment in almost e precise detail, destroyed the temple worship and finally unlikable the doors of the house of God.In the most calculated manner he conspired to obliterate the memory of the service of the Lord of all Israel, the Redeemer and the Holy hotshot. Then he was followed on the throne by his son Hezekiah, who was very unlike his fathers and set about reviving the worship in the temple, which his father had abolished. He attempted, with more or less victory to obliterate idol worship, and to deliver his people from the yoke of foreign agency. It was under him that Isaiah came into his own, and was treated with high favour. In this position he was given every opportunity for the use of his keen and divinely inspired power of discernment into the facts of the contemporary situation. The name, Isaiah, essence Jehovah saves, or Jehovah is salvation, and through days of crisis and disaster greater than any before in the history of the people, his call was constantly to faith in the One Who alone could save the land.His role was ever that of inspiring and challenging the drooping spirits of the men of Judah at times when hope seemed dead. His ministry was a long one stretching as it did through the reigns of Uzziah, Jothan, Ahaz and Hezekiah. His fathers name was Amoz, and there is a Jewish tradition that he was a brother of King Amaziah in which case Isaiah would be the cousin of King Uzziah. Naturally enough, it is impossible to be really sure of this, precisely it is certainly a reasonable explanation of the fact that Isaiah enjoyed immediate and regular entrance to the royal house. And besides that he had the ear of the most influential people of his day. In spite of this, he remained a uncomplicated and undaunted spokesman for Jehovah, and tradition again affirms that it was for this reason that he was put to death in the reign of the grave Manasseh, Hezekiahs successor.He was married and he himself called his w ife the prophetess (Isaiah 83). He had two children, one named Shear-jashubl, which means a remnant shall return, and the other Maher-shalalhashbaz, which means haste ye to the spoil. These names were given to them as portents of what was to come and in any case as a reinforcement of the prophets predictive message. Apart from this, there is little else cognise of his personal history except what is found in the book itself. The exact length of his ministry is not cognise for sure, but he definitely laboured for at least forty years. From the last year of King Uzziahs reign 740 B.C. to the fourteenth year of ther reign of King Hezekiah in 701 B.C. and it is clear that through all this period of time his call and challenge were unremitting and persistent. His aim was ever definite the establishment of the worship of the Lord in righteousness and truth amongst the chosen race.His MessageIsaiahs prophecy, the longest of all the grey Testament prophecies divides root of all quite naturally into two parts, chapters 1-39, and 40-66. Because of this split, critics during the last century have seen adequate to decide that two separate authors are responsible for the prophecy and that the here and now one was written some hundred years after the first one. Unfortunately, there is nothing in the prophecy itself by the way of names and such like to establish the truth or the falsehood of this statement. However the nature of the second part of the book seems to indicate that it was said to a nation at a time when they were in a completely different condition from that of the exile in Babylon, during which time some people support that it was written. As well as these two separate parts, the prophecy also divides into nine sections.The Book of Isaiah (Hebrew ) is the first of the Latter Prophets in the Hebrew Bible, preceding Ezekiel, Jeremiah and the Book of the Twelve. (The order of the subsequent books differs somewhat in the Christian Old Testament). The fir st 39 chapters prophesy doom for a sinful Judah and for all the nations of the world that crusade God, while the last 27 prophesy the restoration of the nation of Israel and a new creation in Gods glorious future kingdom1 this section includes the Songs of the Suffering Servant, four separate passages referring to the nation of Israel, interpreted by Christians as prefiguring the coming of Jesus Christ.